Eugen Bleuler's introduction of the term "schizophrenia" in 1908 marked a significant milestone in the fields of medicine and psychology. Derived from the Greek words "schizien" (to split) and "phren" (mind), schizophrenia refers to a mental condition characterized by a fragmented or split mind. It is a debilitating disorder that disrupts the individual's connection with reality and often represents the most severe form of depression.
Schizophrenia manifests in various ways, imposing immense challenges on those affected. One of the hallmark symptoms is the presence of hallucinations, which involve perceiving things that are not actually there. These hallucinations can take the form of seeing objects or people that are invisible to others, as well as hearing voices that are not based in reality. These experiences can be distressing and confusing, further isolating individuals with schizophrenia from their surroundings.
Delusions are another prominent feature of schizophrenia. Delusions are false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary. People with schizophrenia may firmly believe that someone is controlling their thoughts, actions, or behaviors. These delusions often lead to a sense of paranoia and can contribute to the individual's detachment from social interactions. They may develop elaborate strategies to counteract perceived external influences, believing that they have the ability to manipulate events in their favor through careful planning.
In addition to hallucinations and delusions, individuals with schizophrenia commonly exhibit disorganized speech patterns, referred to as "loosening of association." This symptom manifests as a difficulty in organizing thoughts and expressing them coherently. Their speech may become fragmented, with ideas and words lacking logical connections. This disorganization further hampers effective communication and makes it challenging for individuals with schizophrenia to convey their thoughts and emotions effectively.